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A.J. Alberts Plumbing service van at a Twin Cities home

Understand Your Water Before Choosing Treatment

A.J. Alberts helps Twin Cities homeowners understand water hardness, filtration options, and PFAS testing. Water conditions depend on your supply and existing treatment. Start with current utility information and the right test for your question, then decide whether treatment would help.

Call 651-738-0580

A Regional Water Report Is Not a Test of Your Home

Municipal reports can distinguish untreated source water from treated drinking water. A PFAS detection in a source well does not automatically describe water delivered to customers. A city-wide report also does not measure a private well or changes introduced by household plumbing.

Use your water utility's latest Consumer Confidence Report and notices. Private well owners can ask the Minnesota Department of Health about PFAS in drinking water and testing guidance.

Explore PFAS and Hardness Information by City

This map is a guide to city water references, not a contamination map or a test of your home. Published hardness values retain their city or supplier context. Ranges are not collapsed into a single number. Private-well and unpublished municipal values require an address-specific test. A PFAS reference does not establish the level in treated municipal water or a private well.

Loading the interactive map. The sourced city table remains available below.

PFAS focus: Blue pins have a city-specific PFAS review date. Slate pins link to broader PFAS source and testing guidance.
Hardness focus: Pins distinguish a published value, published range, multiple systems, private wells, or no published local value.

Choose a city or pin to review its source links. Marker styling describes the kind of reference available, not water safety or a need for treatment.

PFAS and Hardness by City

PFAS source links and testing guidance appear first because they answer a different question than hardness. A city-specific review label appears only where this directory records a dedicated PFAS review date. These references are not household results or risk ratings. Hardness values remain tied to their city or supplier source.

Afton, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

Varies by private well

Afton has no municipal water system. Hardness is specific to the private well and any treatment already installed.

Minnesota 3M Settlement, protecting Afton drinking water, checked 2026-10-06.

Andover, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

13 gpg

Andover publishes an average hardness of 13 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Andover Water Department, checked 2026-10-06.

Bayport, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

Municipal supply, test this address

Bayport publishes a drinking water report, but it does not publish a current hardness setting. Measure the water at the home before sizing or programming treatment.

City of Bayport drinking water report, checked 2026-10-06.

Blaine, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

18 to 21 gpg

Blaine publishes a hardness range of 18 to 21 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Blaine water and sewer FAQ, checked 2026-10-06.

Bloomington, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

5.2 gpg

Bloomington publishes finished water at about 90 ppm, or 5.2 grains per gallon, after central softening. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Bloomington Utilities Division, checked 2026-10-06.

Chisago City, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

Municipal supply, test this address

Chisago City operates a municipal well system but does not publish a current grains-per-gallon setting online. Measure the water at the home.

Chisago City streets and utilities, checked 2026-10-06.

Circle Pines, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

Centennial Utilities, test this address

Centennial Utilities serves Circle Pines, but the city does not publish a current grains-per-gallon setting online. Measure the water at the home.

City of Circle Pines resident utility information, checked 2026-10-06.

Coon Rapids, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

16 to 18 gpg

Coon Rapids publishes a hardness range of 16 to 18 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Coon Rapids water FAQ, checked 2026-10-06.

Cottage Grove, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

17 gpg

Cottage Grove publishes a 17-grain reference. Confirm the actual reading and any existing treatment at the home.

City of Cottage Grove water quality and hardness, checked 2026-10-06.

Eagan, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

18 to 20 gpg

Eagan publishes a range of 310 to 345 ppm, or about 18 to 20 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Eagan drinking water report, checked 2026-10-06.

Edina, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

17 to 20 gpg

Edina publishes 17 to 20 grains per gallon for most city water. Morningside receives softened Minneapolis water, so verify the supplier serving the address.

City of Edina water, sewer, and stormwater guidance, checked 2026-10-06.

Excelsior, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

Centrally treated, test this address

Excelsior treats municipal water for hardness, iron, and manganese but does not publish a current grains-per-gallon setting on this page. Measure the water at the home.

City of Excelsior water quality, checked 2026-10-06.

Forest Lake, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

5.5 to 6.5 gpg

Forest Lake centrally softens its municipal supply and publishes a distribution range of 5.5 to 6.5 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Forest Lake Water Department, checked 2026-10-06.

Ham Lake, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

Varies by private well or community system

Ham Lake does not have a single citywide municipal hardness value. Measure the private well or community system serving the address.

City of Ham Lake private well information, checked 2026-10-06.

Hastings, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

16 gpg

Hastings publishes a hardness of 16 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Hastings water quality guidance, checked 2026-10-06.

Hudson, WI

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Wisconsin DNR drinking-water PFAS resources.

Hardness reference

12.5 gpg

Hudson publishes an average of 210 ppm, or about 12.5 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Hudson 2026 water quality report, checked 2026-10-06.

Hugo, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

15 gpg

Hugo publishes 258 ppm, or about 15 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Hugo water FAQ, checked 2026-10-06.

Inver Grove Heights, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

20 to 22 gpg

Inver Grove Heights publishes a hardness range of 20 to 22 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Inver Grove Heights water softener guidance, checked 2026-10-06.

Lake Elmo, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

17 gpg

Lake Elmo publishes an average hardness of 17 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Lake Elmo water quality reports, checked 2026-10-06.

Lakeland, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

City source lacks a stated unit

Lakeland publishes a hardness range without identifying the unit. Do not use it as a grains-per-gallon setting. Measure the water at the home.

City of Lakeland water information, checked 2026-10-06.

Lakeville, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

18 gpg

Lakeville publishes an average hardness of 18 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Lakeville water information, checked 2026-10-06.

Mahtomedi, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

12.7 gpg

Mahtomedi publishes an average hardness of 12.7 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Mahtomedi utility FAQ, checked 2026-10-06.

Maplewood, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

4.7 to 5.8 gpg

Most Maplewood addresses receive softened water from Saint Paul Regional Water Services. Border areas can have another supplier or a private well, so verify the address before using this range.

Saint Paul Regional Water Services monthly mineral analysis, checked 2026-10-06.

Minnetonka, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

City does not reduce hardness; test this address

Minnetonka states that city treatment does not reduce calcium and magnesium, but it does not publish a current grains-per-gallon setting. Measure the water at the home.

City of Minnetonka water information, checked 2026-10-06.

New Brighton, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

24 gpg

New Brighton publishes a hardness of 24 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of New Brighton tap water guidance, checked 2026-10-06.

Newport, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

Municipal supply, test this address

The city does not publish a current grains-per-gallon setting online. Measure the water at the home.

City of Newport, checked 2026-10-06.

Oakdale, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

14.6 gpg

Oakdale publishes 250 ppm, or about 14.6 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Oakdale water FAQ, checked 2026-10-06.

Orono, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

8 gpg (Navarre), 23 gpg (North system)

Orono publishes different values for its Navarre and North water systems. Identify the system serving the address before choosing a setting.

City of Orono water and sewer FAQ, checked 2026-10-06.

Plymouth, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

24 gpg

Plymouth describes its municipal water as about 24 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Plymouth water services, checked 2026-10-06.

River Falls, WI

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Wisconsin DNR drinking-water PFAS resources.

Hardness reference

16 gpg

River Falls Municipal Utilities publishes 272 mg/L, or 16 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

River Falls Municipal Utilities water hardness, checked 2026-10-06.

Roseville, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

4.7 to 5.8 gpg

Roseville receives water from Saint Paul Regional Water Services. Its current mineral report gives treated hardness of 80 to 100 ppm, or about 4.7 to 5.8 grains per gallon.

Saint Paul Regional Water Services monthly mineral analysis, checked 2026-10-06.

Saint Paul, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

4.7 to 5.8 gpg

Saint Paul Regional Water Services publishes treated hardness of 80 to 100 ppm, or about 4.7 to 5.8 grains per gallon.

Saint Paul Regional Water Services monthly mineral analysis, checked 2026-10-06.

Shoreview, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

15 gpg

Shoreview publishes an average hardness of 15 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of Shoreview water services, checked 2026-10-06.

St. Louis Park, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

19 gpg

St. Louis Park publishes 330 ppm, or about 19 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of St. Louis Park drinking water report, checked 2026-10-06.

St. Paul Park, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

Municipal supply, test this address

The city does not publish a current grains-per-gallon setting on its water information page. Measure the water at the home.

City of St. Paul Park, checked 2026-10-06.

Stillwater, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

13.2 gpg

Stillwater publishes 225 ppm, or about 13.2 grains per gallon. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

Stillwater Board of Water Commissioners, checked 2026-10-06.

Wayzata, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

Municipal supply, test this address

The city does not publish a current grains-per-gallon setting on its utility page. Measure the water at the home.

City of Wayzata utility information, checked 2026-10-06.

White Bear Lake, MN

PFAS source and testing information

PFAS reference and testing guidance

Check the current report for the utility serving your address. For a private well, use well-specific testing guidance. A regional history or source-well result does not establish the concentration at your tap.

Minnesota Department of Health public-water-system PFAS dashboard and guidance.

Hardness reference

12.5 gpg

White Bear Lake publishes a 12.5-grain reference. Confirm the actual reading at the home.

City of White Bear Lake water treatment, checked 2026-10-06.

Woodbury, MN

PFAS source and testing information

City-specific PFAS information reviewed

Woodbury reports health advisories affecting nine of its 20 source wells and treatment before affected water enters distribution. Source-well results are not the same as treated tap-water results. Check the city's current monitoring information.

City of Woodbury, PFAS monitoring results in municipal wells, city-specific PFAS context reviewed 2026-09-18.

Hardness reference

13.5 gpg

Woodbury publishes a 13.5-grain reference. Confirm the actual reading and any existing treatment at the home.

City of Woodbury water softening guidance, checked 2026-10-06.

PFAS: Focus on Drinking and Cooking Water

PFAS are a group of persistent chemicals. When PFAS are present in drinking water, reducing ingestion is the important household water consideration. MDH says bathing, showering, and washing clothes in water with PFAS are safe because absorption through skin is limited. Follow any supply-specific health advice.

Read MDH's PFAS exposure guidance. A whole-home system is not automatically necessary solely because you live in an East Metro city.

Check the exact filter model

Carbon and reverse osmosis products differ in performance. Look for the specific PFAS reduction claim: NSF/ANSI 53 for applicable non-RO filters or NSF/ANSI 58 for RO systems. A general certification logo, taste improvement, or a different contaminant claim is not enough. Certification also does not necessarily show compliance with the latest EPA limits.

EPA guidance on PFAS filter certification · Compare filtration options

Hard Water Is a Mineral Issue, Not a PFAS Result

Calcium and magnesium can leave spots, affect soap performance, and contribute to scale. Hardness itself is not a health concern. Some utilities soften their supply, and household treatment can change the reading again.

USGS classifies water as soft at 0 to 60 mg/L as calcium carbonate, moderately hard at 61 to 120 mg/L, hard at 121 to 180 mg/L, and very hard above 180 mg/L. A hardness classification does not make a softener mandatory.

Size and program equipment from an actual water test, household demand, and the manufacturer's instructions. There is no single capacity or hardness adjustment that is right for every Twin Cities home.

USGS hardness reference · Water softener options

Private Wells, Staining, and Odor

Staining or an odor can help identify what to investigate, but appearance and smell cannot establish drinking-water safety. A basic hardness or iron test does not rule out bacteria, nitrate, or PFAS. Discuss the appropriate tests for your well with a qualified testing provider or public health agency.

Explore iron and odor treatment

Start with the Question You Need Answered

  1. Tell us whether you use city water or a private well, what you have noticed, and what treatment you already have.
  2. Schedule a free basic water test, or ask specifically about PFAS testing arrangements and pricing.
  3. Review the relevant results and any utility guidance before selecting equipment.
  4. Request a written installation quote and a model-specific maintenance plan.
Schedule a Free Basic Water Test

Water Quality Questions

Does A.J. Alberts offer PFAS testing?

A.J. Alberts offers separate paid laboratory PFAS testing for municipal-water and private-well customers. We collect and submit the sample and explain the report. Confirm the test scope, price, and turnaround when scheduling; PFAS is not included in the free basic water test.

What does the free in-home water test measure?

Our free basic in-home water test checks hardness, iron, chlorine, pH, alkalinity, and total dissolved solids, with nitrate testing for private wells. It does not measure PFAS or certify that water is safe to drink.

Does living in an East Metro city mean my tap water has PFAS?

No. A regional contamination history or a detection in an untreated well does not establish the concentration in your drinking water. Check current results for your municipal supply. Private well owners need information about their own well.

Does every Twin Cities home need a water softener?

No. Hardness varies by water source and some utilities soften their supply. A softener addresses calcium and magnesium, not PFAS. Decide based on your measured hardness, existing treatment, scale concerns, and preferences.

Is whole-home filtration necessary for PFAS?

Not automatically. A filter certified for the relevant PFAS reduction claim at a drinking and cooking tap can be an option. Minnesota Department of Health guidance says bathing, showering, and washing clothes in water with PFAS are safe because skin absorption is limited. Follow any specific advice for your water supply.

How should I choose a PFAS filter?

Check the exact model and its certified PFAS reduction claim, not just the brand or a general NSF logo. NSF/ANSI 53 applies to relevant non-RO treatment units; NSF/ANSI 58 applies to reverse osmosis systems. Certification does not necessarily mean the filter meets the latest EPA drinking-water limits. Follow the maintenance schedule and discuss follow-up testing.

Does a pitcher or refrigerator filter remove PFAS?

Some models have a certified PFAS reduction claim and others do not. Check the certification listing for the exact filter. A chlorine taste-and-odor claim alone does not demonstrate PFAS reduction.

How much does filtration cost and how often does it need service?

Installation cost and maintenance depend on the equipment, water chemistry, flow, and use. Request a written quote and the selected model's replacement schedule. PFAS testing arrangements and pricing should be confirmed separately.

Hardness sources checked October 6, 2026. Other water-quality guidance reviewed September 17, 2026. These are source links, not new household test results. See the linked city, utility, MDH, EPA, and USGS references above.

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